Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) was a British philosopher, jurist, and social reformer who is considered one of the founders of utilitarianism. He developed the ethical theory that actions should be judged by their consequences, specifically by how much happiness or pleasure they produce for the greatest number of people. Bentham's ideas had a significant influence on law reform, economics, and social policy, and he advocated for various progressive causes including universal suffrage and the decriminalization of homosexuality.